A filesystem is a particular way of storing and organizing files on a storage device such as a hard disk, and is an important part of an operating system. Without a filesystem, accessing and storing files would be impossible.
There are different types of filesystem. The most common are:
ext2 and ext3: these are usually found on GNU/Linux operating systems. Ubuntu uses ext3 as its default filesystem.
FAT16 and FAT32: these are Microsoft Windows filesystems found on older computers. If you would like to share data between two computers, the FAT32 format is a good choice.
NTFS: this is the filesystem type used by more modern versions of Microsoft Windows.
HFS+: this is the Mac OS X default filesystem type.
For more details refer to https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LinuxFilesystemsExplained
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